Cystoscopy

Cystoscopy is a procedure which utilizes a small camera to evaluate the urinary tract including the vagina (females), urethra, and urinary bladder.

This procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia, and can be used to identify and sometimes treat vaginitis, vaginal strictures, urethritis, urethral strictures, cystitis, polyps, cystic calculi, recurrent urinary tract infections, and urethral and bladder tumors. Biopsies can be obtained of the urinary tract and submitted for further evaluation to allow for a rapid and accurate diagnosis.

Patient #3: 1 ½ year old female, spayed Neopolitan Mastiff with chronic vaginal discharge — vaginoscopy shows a vaginal stricture.

Patient #4: 5 ½ year old female, spayed Pug with chronic hematuria — cystoscopy revealed severe polypoid cystitis

Patient #4: Polypoid cystitis